Khon Neodymium ke ngièn-sṳ́-mâ

{{Infobox element
|number=60
|symbol=Nd
|name=Neodymium
|left=[[praseodymium]]
|right=[[promethium]]
|above=–
|below=[[uranium|U]]
|series=lanthanum-hi
|period=6
|group=n/a
|block=f
|image name=Neodymium2.jpg
|appearance=silvery white
|atomic mass=144.242
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=3
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=&#91;[[xenon|Xe]]&#93; 4f<sup>4</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2
|phase=ku-thí
|density gpcm3nrt=7.01
|density gpcm3mp=6.89
|melting point K=1297
|melting point C=1024
|melting point F=1875
|boiling point K=3347
|boiling point C=3074
|boiling point F=5565
|heat fusion=7.14
|heat vaporization=289
|heat capacity=27.45
|vapor pressure 1=1595
|vapor pressure 10=1774
|vapor pressure 100=1998
|vapor pressure 1 k= (2296)
|vapor pressure 10 k= (2715)
|vapor pressure 100 k= (3336)
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=double hexagonal close packed
|oxidation states=+4, '''+3''', +2
|oxidation states comment=(a&nbsp;mildly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
|electronegativity=1.14
|number of ionization energies=3
|ionization energy 1=533.1
|ionization energy 2=1040
|ionization energy 3=2130
|atomic radius=181
|covalent radius=201±6
|magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]], [[antiferromagnetic]] below 20&nbsp;K<ref>{{cite book |last=Gschneidner |first=K. A. |last2=Eyring |first2=L. |title=Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths |publisher=North Holland |location=Amsterdam |year=1978 |isbn=0444850228 }}</ref>
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity=α, poly: 643
|electrical resistivity comment=
|thermal conductivity=16.5
|thermal expansion=α, poly: 9.6
|thermal expansion comment=(at&nbsp;{{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
|speed of sound rod at 20=2330
|Young's modulus=α form: 41.4
|Shear modulus=α form: 16.3
|Bulk modulus=α form: 31.8
|Poisson ratio=α form: 0.281
|Vickers hardness=345–745
|Brinell hardness=265–700
|CAS number=7440-00-8
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=142 | sym=Nd | na=27.2% | hl=– | dm=([[spontaneous fission|SF]]) | de=<53.264 | pn= | ps= }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=143 | sym=Nd | na=12.2% | hl=– | dm=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de=0.5214 | link1=cerium-139 | pn=139 | ps=Ce }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=144 | sym=Nd
 | na=23.8% | hl=2.29&times;10<sup>15</sup>&nbsp;y
 | dm=α | de=1.905 | link1=cerium-140 | pn=140 | ps=Ce}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=145 | sym=Nd | na=8.3% | hl=>6×10<sup>16</sup>&nbsp;y | dm=(α) | de=1.5784 | link1=cerium-141 | pn=141 | ps=Ce}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=146 | sym=Nd | na=17.2% | hl=–
 | dm1=(α) | de1=1.1822 | link1=cerium-142 | pn1=142 | ps1=Ce
 | dm2=([[double beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]]) | de2=0.0702 | link2=samarium-146 | pn2=146 | ps2=Sm}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=148 | sym=Nd | na=5.7% | hl=>3.0×10<sup>18</sup>&nbsp;y
 | dm1=(α) | de1=0.5986 | link1=cerium-144 | pn1=144 | ps1=Ce
 | dm2=(β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>) | de2=1.9288 | link2=samarium-148 | pn2=148 | ps2=Sm}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=150 | sym=Nd
 | na=5.6% | hl=6.7&times;10<sup>18</sup>&nbsp;y
 | dm=β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup> | de=3.367 | link1=samarium-150| pn=150 | ps=Sm}}
|isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
|discovered by=[[Carl Auer von Welsbach]]
|discovery date=1885
}}
'''Neodymium''' ({{lang-zh|釹}} ''nǚ'') he yit-chúng [[fa-ho̍k ngièn-su]], fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì '''Nd''', ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he '''60'''.

==Chhâm-kháu chṳ̂-liau==
{{reflist}}

{{Ngièn-su chû-khì-péu}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Fa-ho̍k ngièn-su]]