Hafnium, 72Hf| ngoi-kôn |
|---|
steel gray
Spectral lines of hafnium (400–700 nm) |
| Kî-pún sin-sit |
|---|
| Miàng, fù-ho |
hafnium, Hf |
|---|
| ngoi-hìn |
steel gray |
|---|
| Hafnium chhai chû-khì-péu ke vi-chi |
|---|
|
|
| ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú |
72 |
|---|
| ngièn-chṳ́-liòng (±) |
178.49(2)[1] |
|---|
| ngièn-su lui-phe̍t |
ko-thu kîm-su̍k |
|---|
| Chhu̍k, fûn-khî |
4 chhu̍k, d-block |
|---|
| chû-khì |
period 6 |
|---|
| thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t |
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 |
|---|
| per shell |
2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 |
|---|
| vu̍t-lî sin-chṳt |
|---|
| Siông |
ku-thí |
|---|
| yùng-tiám |
2506 K (2233 °C, 4051 °F) |
|---|
| pui-tiám |
4876 K (4603 °C, 8317 °F) |
|---|
| Me̍t-thu near Sit-vûn |
13.31 g·cm−3 |
|---|
|
12 g·cm−3 |
| Yùng-fa-ngie̍t |
27.2 kJ·mol−1 |
|---|
| Chîn-fat-ngie̍t |
648 kJ·mol−1 |
|---|
| Ngie̍t-yùng-liong |
25.73 J·mol−1·K−1 |
|---|
chîn-hi-ap
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| chhai T (K)
|
2689
|
2954
|
3277
|
3679
|
4194
|
4876
| |
| Ngièn-chṳ́ sin-chṳt |
|---|
| Yông-fa-su |
4, 3, 2, 1, −2 (an amphoteric oxide) |
|---|
| Thien-fu-sin |
Pauling scale: 1.3 |
|---|
| Thien-lì-nèn |
1st: 658.5 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1440 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 2250 kJ·mol−1 |
|---|
| Ngièn-chṳ́ pan-kang |
empirical: 159 pm |
|---|
| Khiung-ka pan-kang |
175±10 pm |
|---|
| Miscellanea |
|---|
| Chîn-thí keu-chho |
hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
|---|
| Sâng-suk thin rod |
3010 m·s−1 (at 20 °C) |
|---|
| Ngie̍t-phàng-chong |
5.9 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C) |
|---|
| Ngie̍t-chhòn-thô-li̍t |
23.0 W·m−1·K−1 |
|---|
| Thien-chú-li̍t |
331 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
|---|
| Chhṳ̀-sin |
paramagnetic[2] |
|---|
| Young's modulus |
78 GPa |
|---|
| Shear modulus |
30 GPa |
|---|
| Bulk modulus |
110 GPa |
|---|
| Poisson ratio |
0.37 |
|---|
| Mohs hardness |
5.5 |
|---|
| Vickers hardness |
1520–2060 MPa |
|---|
| Brinell hardness |
1450–2100 MPa |
|---|
| CAS Registry Number |
7440-58-6 |
|---|
| Le̍k-sú |
|---|
| Hí-miàng |
after Hafnia. Latin for: Copenhagen, where it was discovered |
|---|
| Yi-chhet |
Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) |
|---|
| Hoat-kiàn kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘ |
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922) |
|---|
| Chui vún-thin ke thùng-vi-su |
|---|
|
Chú vùn-chông: hafnium ke thùng-vi-su |
| iso
|
NA
|
half-life
|
DM
|
DE (MeV)
|
DP
|
| 172Hf
|
syn
|
1.87 y
|
ε
|
0.350
|
172Lu
|
| 174Hf
|
0.162%
|
2×1015 y
|
α
|
2.495
|
170Yb
|
| 176Hf
|
5.206%
|
–
|
(α)
|
2.2550
|
172Yb
|
| 177Hf
|
18.606%
|
–
|
(α)
|
2.2449
|
173Yb
|
| 178Hf
|
27.297%
|
–
|
(α)
|
2.0832
|
174Yb
|
| 178m2Hf
|
syn
|
31 y
|
IT
|
2.446
|
178Hf
|
| 179Hf
|
13.629%
|
–
|
(α)
|
1.8065
|
175Yb
|
| 180Hf
|
35.1%
|
–
|
(α)
|
1.2828
|
176Yb
|
| 182Hf
|
trace
|
8.9×106 y
|
β−
|
0.373
|
182Ta
| |
|
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed |
Hafnium (Hon-ngî: 鉿 hā) he yit-chúng fa-ho̍k ngièn-su, fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì Hf, ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he 72.
