Hafnium, 72Hfngoi-kôn |
---|
steel gray

 Spectral lines of hafnium (400–700 nm) |
Kî-pún sin-sit |
---|
Miàng, fù-ho |
hafnium, Hf |
---|
ngoi-hìn |
steel gray |
---|
Hafnium chhai chû-khì-péu ke vi-chi |
---|
|
ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú |
72 |
---|
ngièn-chṳ́-liòng (±) |
178.49(2)[1] |
---|
ngièn-su lui-phe̍t |
ko-thu kîm-su̍k |
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Chhu̍k, fûn-khî |
4 chhu̍k, d-block |
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chû-khì |
period 6 |
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thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t |
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 |
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per shell |
2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 |
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vu̍t-lî sin-chṳt |
---|
Siông |
ku-thí |
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yùng-tiám |
2506 K (2233 °C, 4051 °F) |
---|
pui-tiám |
4876 K (4603 °C, 8317 °F) |
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Me̍t-thu near Sit-vûn |
13.31 g·cm−3 |
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12 g·cm−3 |
Yùng-fa-ngie̍t |
27.2 kJ·mol−1 |
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Chîn-fat-ngie̍t |
648 kJ·mol−1 |
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Ngie̍t-yùng-liong |
25.73 J·mol−1·K−1 |
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chîn-hi-ap
P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
chhai T (K)
|
2689
|
2954
|
3277
|
3679
|
4194
|
4876
| |
Ngièn-chṳ́ sin-chṳt |
---|
Yông-fa-su |
4, 3, 2, 1, −2 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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Thien-fu-sin |
Pauling scale: 1.3 |
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Thien-lì-nèn |
1st: 658.5 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1440 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 2250 kJ·mol−1 |
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Ngièn-chṳ́ pan-kang |
empirical: 159 pm |
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Khiung-ka pan-kang |
175±10 pm |
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Miscellanea |
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Chîn-thí keu-chho |
hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
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Sâng-suk thin rod |
3010 m·s−1 (at 20 °C) |
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Ngie̍t-phàng-chong |
5.9 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C) |
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Ngie̍t-chhòn-thô-li̍t |
23.0 W·m−1·K−1 |
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Thien-chú-li̍t |
331 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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Chhṳ̀-sin |
paramagnetic[2] |
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Young's modulus |
78 GPa |
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Shear modulus |
30 GPa |
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Bulk modulus |
110 GPa |
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Poisson ratio |
0.37 |
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Mohs hardness |
5.5 |
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Vickers hardness |
1520–2060 MPa |
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Brinell hardness |
1450–2100 MPa |
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CAS Registry Number |
7440-58-6 |
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Le̍k-sú |
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Hí-miàng |
after Hafnia. Latin for: Copenhagen, where it was discovered |
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Yi-chhet |
Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) |
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Hoat-kiàn kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘ |
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922) |
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Chui vún-thin ke thùng-vi-su |
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Chú vùn-chông: hafnium ke thùng-vi-su |
iso
|
NA
|
half-life
|
DM
|
DE (MeV)
|
DP
|
172Hf
|
syn
|
1.87 y
|
ε
|
0.350
|
172Lu
|
174Hf
|
0.162%
|
2×1015 y
|
α
|
2.495
|
170Yb
|
176Hf
|
5.206%
|
–
|
(α)
|
2.2550
|
172Yb
|
177Hf
|
18.606%
|
–
|
(α)
|
2.2449
|
173Yb
|
178Hf
|
27.297%
|
–
|
(α)
|
2.0832
|
174Yb
|
178m2Hf
|
syn
|
31 y
|
IT
|
2.446
|
178Hf
|
179Hf
|
13.629%
|
–
|
(α)
|
1.8065
|
175Yb
|
180Hf
|
35.1%
|
–
|
(α)
|
1.2828
|
176Yb
|
182Hf
|
trace
|
8.9×106 y
|
β−
|
0.373
|
182Ta
| |
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed |
Hafnium (Hon-ngî: 鉿 hā) he yit-chúng fa-ho̍k ngièn-su, fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì Hf, ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he 72.