Thallium

Thallium, ₈₁Tl
ngoi-kôn
	silvery white;
Kî-pún sin-sit
Miàng, fù-ho	Thallium, Tl
ngoi-hìn	silvery white
Thallium chhai chû-khì-péu ke vi-chi
	súi-ngiùn ← Thallium → yèn
ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú	81
ngièn-chṳ́-liòng	204.38 (204.382–204.385)
ngièn-su lui-phe̍t	heu-ko-thu kîm-su̍k
Chhu̍k, fûn-khî	13 chhu̍k, p-block
chû-khì	period 6
thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
vu̍t-lî sin-chṳt
Siông	ku-thí
yùng-tiám	577 K (304 °C, 579 °F)
pui-tiám	1746 K (1473 °C, 2683 °F)
Me̍t-thu near Sit-vûn	11.85 g·cm−3
	11.22 g·cm−3
Yùng-fa-ngie̍t	4.14 kJ·mol−1
Chîn-fat-ngie̍t	165 kJ·mol−1
Ngie̍t-yùng-liong	26.32 J·mol−1·K−1
Ngièn-chṳ́ sin-chṳt
Yông-fa-su	3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −5 (a mildly basic oxide)
Thien-fu-sin	Pauling scale: 1.62
Thien-lì-nèn	1st: 589.4 kJ·mol−1 ; 2nd: 1971 kJ·mol−1 ; 3rd: 2878 kJ·mol−1
Ngièn-chṳ́ pan-kang	empirical: 170 pm
Khiung-ka pan-kang	145±7 pm
Van der Waals pan-kang	196 pm
Miscellanea
Chîn-thí keu-chho	hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Sâng-suk thin rod	818 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Ngie̍t-phàng-chong	29.9 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Ngie̍t-chhòn-thô-li̍t	46.1 W·m−1·K−1
Thien-chú-li̍t	0.18 µΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chhṳ̀-sin	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	8 GPa
Shear modulus	2.8 GPa
Bulk modulus	43 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.45
Mohs hardness	1.2
Brinell hardness	26.5–44.7 MPa
CAS Registry Number	7440-28-0
Le̍k-sú
Fat-hien	William Crookes (1861)
First isolation	Claude-Auguste Lamy (1862)
Chui vún-thin ke thùng-vi-su
	Chú vùn-chông: Thallium ke thùng-vi-su
	Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

Thallium (Hon-ngî: 鉈 tā) he yit-chúng fa-ho̍k ngièn-su, fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì Tl, ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he 81.

Chhâm-kháu chṳ̂-liau[phiên-siá | kói ngièn-sṳ́-mâ]

↑ Conventional Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
↑ Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
↑ Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Na₂₃K₉Tl_15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl₅^7-, Tl₄⁸⁻, Tl₃⁷⁻, and Tl⁵⁻ Anions". Inorganic Chemistry 35 (11): 3107–12. doi:10.1021/ic960014z.
↑ Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[CIAAW-1] Conventional Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

[IUPAC-2] Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

[3] Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Na₂₃K₉Tl_15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl₅^7-, Tl₄⁸⁻, Tl₃⁷⁻, and Tl⁵⁻ Anions". Inorganic Chemistry 35 (11): 3107–12. doi:10.1021/ic960014z.

[4] Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

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