Germanium

Germanium,  ₃₂Ge

ngoi-kôn
grayish-white A 12 gram (2×3 cm) polycrystalline block of germanium with uneven cleaved surfaces
Kî-pún sin-sit
Miàng, fù-ho	germanium, Ge
ngoi-hìn	grayish-white
Germanium chhai chû-khì-péu ke vi-chi
Si ↑ Ge ↓ Sn gallium ← germanium → phî
ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú	32
ngièn-chṳ́-liòng (±)	72.630(8)
ngièn-su lui-phe̍t	lui-kîm-su̍k
Chhu̍k, fûn-khî	14 chhu̍k, p-block
chû-khì	period 4
thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 4
vu̍t-lî sin-chṳt
Siông	ku-thí
yùng-tiám	1211.40 K ​(938.25 °C, ​1720.85 °F)
pui-tiám	3106 K ​(2833 °C, ​5131 °F)
Me̍t-thu near Sit-vûn	5.323 g·cm−3
5.60 g·cm−3
Yùng-fa-ngie̍t	36.94 kJ·mol−1
Chîn-fat-ngie̍t	334 kJ·mol−1
Ngie̍t-yùng-liong	23.222 J·mol−1·K−1
chîn-hi-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k chhai T (K) 1644 1814 2023 2287 2633 3104
Ngièn-chṳ́ sin-chṳt
Yông-fa-su	4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −3, −4 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
Thien-fu-sin	Pauling scale: 2.01
Thien-lì-nèn	1st: 762 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1537.5 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 3302.1 kJ·mol−1
Ngièn-chṳ́ pan-kang	empirical: 122 pm
Khiung-ka pan-kang	122 pm
Van der Waals pan-kang	211 pm

Germanium he yit-chúng fa-ho̍k ngièn-su, fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì Ge, ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he 32.