Germanium, 32Ge|
grayish-white
A 12 gram (2×3 cm) polycrystalline block of germanium with uneven cleaved surfaces |
|
| Miàng, fù-ho | Germanium, Ge |
|---|
| ngoi-hìn | grayish-white |
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|
|
| ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú | 32 |
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| ngièn-chṳ́-liòng (±) | 72.630(8)[1] |
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| ngièn-su lui-phe̍t | lui-kîm-su̍k |
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| Chhu̍k, fûn-khî | 14 chhu̍k, p-block |
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| chû-khì | period 4 |
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| thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 |
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| per shell | 2, 8, 18, 4 |
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|
| Siông | ku-thí |
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| yùng-tiám | 1211.40 K (938.25 °C, 1720.85 °F) |
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| pui-tiám | 3106 K (2833 °C, 5131 °F) |
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| Me̍t-thu near Sit-vûn | 5.323 g·cm−3 |
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| 5.60 g·cm−3 |
| Yùng-fa-ngie̍t | 36.94 kJ·mol−1 |
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| Chîn-fat-ngie̍t | 334 kJ·mol−1 |
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| Ngie̍t-yùng-liong | 23.222 J·mol−1·K−1 |
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chîn-hi-ap
| P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
| chhai T (K) |
1644 |
1814 |
2023 |
2287 |
2633 |
3104 |
|
|
| Yông-fa-su | 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −3, −4 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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| Thien-fu-sin | Pauling scale: 2.01 |
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| Thien-lì-nèn | 1st: 762 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1537.5 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 3302.1 kJ·mol−1 |
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| Ngièn-chṳ́ pan-kang | empirical: 122 pm |
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| Khiung-ka pan-kang | 122 pm |
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| Van der Waals pan-kang | 211 pm |
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|
| Chîn-thí keu-chho | diamond cubic |
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| Sâng-suk thin rod | 5400 m·s−1 (at 20 °C) |
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| Ngie̍t-phàng-chong | 6.0 µm·m−1·K−1 |
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| Ngie̍t-chhòn-thô-li̍t | 60.2 W·m−1·K−1 |
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| Thien-chú-li̍t | 1 Ω·m (at 20 °C) |
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| Nèn-phung | 0.67 eV (at 300 K) |
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| Chhṳ̀-sin | diamagnetic[2] |
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| Young's modulus | 103 GPa[3] |
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| Shear modulus | 41 GPa[3] |
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| Bulk modulus | 75 GPa[3] |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.26[3] |
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| Mohs hardness | 6.0 |
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| CAS Registry Number | 7440-56-4 |
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|
| Hí-miàng | after Germany, homeland of the discoverer |
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| Yi-chhet | Dmitri Mendeleev (1871) |
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| Fat-hien | Clemens Winkler (1886) |
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|
| Chú vùn-chông: Germanium ke thùng-vi-su |
| iso |
NA |
half-life |
DM |
DE (MeV) |
DP |
| 68Ge |
syn |
270.8 d |
ε |
– |
68Ga |
| 70Ge |
21.23% |
70Ge is stable with 38 neutrons |
| 71Ge |
syn |
11.26 d |
ε |
– |
71Ga |
| 72Ge |
27.66% |
72Ge is stable with 40 neutrons |
| 73Ge |
7.73% |
73Ge is stable with 41 neutrons |
| 74Ge |
35.94% |
74Ge is stable with 42 neutrons |
| 76Ge |
7.44% |
1.78×1021 y |
β−β− |
2.039 |
76Se |
|
Germanium (Hon-ngî: 鍺 zhě fe̍t-chá 鈤 rì) he yit-chúng fa-ho̍k ngièn-su, fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì Ge, ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he 32.
