Germanium, 32Ge| ngoi-kôn |
|---|
grayish-white
A 12 gram (2×3 cm) polycrystalline block of germanium with uneven cleaved surfaces |
| Kî-pún sin-sit |
|---|
| Miàng, fù-ho |
Germanium, Ge |
|---|
| ngoi-hìn |
grayish-white |
|---|
| Germanium chhai chû-khì-péu ke vi-chi |
|---|
|
|
| ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú |
32 |
|---|
| ngièn-chṳ́-liòng (±) |
72.630(8)[1] |
|---|
| ngièn-su lui-phe̍t |
lui-kîm-su̍k |
|---|
| Chhu̍k, fûn-khî |
14 chhu̍k, p-block |
|---|
| chû-khì |
period 4 |
|---|
| thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t |
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 |
|---|
| per shell |
2, 8, 18, 4 |
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| vu̍t-lî sin-chṳt |
|---|
| Siông |
ku-thí |
|---|
| yùng-tiám |
1211.40 K (938.25 °C, 1720.85 °F) |
|---|
| pui-tiám |
3106 K (2833 °C, 5131 °F) |
|---|
| Me̍t-thu near Sit-vûn |
5.323 g·cm−3 |
|---|
|
5.60 g·cm−3 |
| Yùng-fa-ngie̍t |
36.94 kJ·mol−1 |
|---|
| Chîn-fat-ngie̍t |
334 kJ·mol−1 |
|---|
| Ngie̍t-yùng-liong |
23.222 J·mol−1·K−1 |
|---|
chîn-hi-ap
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| chhai T (K)
|
1644
|
1814
|
2023
|
2287
|
2633
|
3104
| |
| Ngièn-chṳ́ sin-chṳt |
|---|
| Yông-fa-su |
4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −3, −4 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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| Thien-fu-sin |
Pauling scale: 2.01 |
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| Thien-lì-nèn |
1st: 762 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1537.5 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 3302.1 kJ·mol−1 |
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| Ngièn-chṳ́ pan-kang |
empirical: 122 pm |
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| Khiung-ka pan-kang |
122 pm |
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| Van der Waals pan-kang |
211 pm |
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| Miscellanea |
|---|
| Chîn-thí keu-chho |
diamond cubic |
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| Sâng-suk thin rod |
5400 m·s−1 (at 20 °C) |
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| Ngie̍t-phàng-chong |
6.0 µm·m−1·K−1 |
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| Ngie̍t-chhòn-thô-li̍t |
60.2 W·m−1·K−1 |
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| Thien-chú-li̍t |
1 Ω·m (at 20 °C) |
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| Nèn-phung |
0.67 eV (at 300 K) |
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| Chhṳ̀-sin |
diamagnetic[2] |
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| Young's modulus |
103 GPa[3] |
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| Shear modulus |
41 GPa[3] |
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| Bulk modulus |
75 GPa[3] |
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| Poisson ratio |
0.26[3] |
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| Mohs hardness |
6.0 |
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| CAS Registry Number |
7440-56-4 |
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| Le̍k-sú |
|---|
| Hí-miàng |
after Germany, homeland of the discoverer |
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| Yi-chhet |
Dmitri Mendeleev (1871) |
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| Fat-hien |
Clemens Winkler (1886) |
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| Chui vún-thin ke thùng-vi-su |
|---|
|
Chú vùn-chông: Germanium ke thùng-vi-su |
| iso
|
NA
|
half-life
|
DM
|
DE (MeV)
|
DP
|
| 68Ge
|
syn
|
270.8 d
|
ε
|
–
|
68Ga
|
| 70Ge
|
21.23%
|
70Ge is stable with 38 neutrons
|
| 71Ge
|
syn
|
11.26 d
|
ε
|
–
|
71Ga
|
| 72Ge
|
27.66%
|
72Ge is stable with 40 neutrons
|
| 73Ge
|
7.73%
|
73Ge is stable with 41 neutrons
|
| 74Ge
|
35.94%
|
74Ge is stable with 42 neutrons
|
| 76Ge
|
7.44%
|
1.78×1021 y
|
β−β−
|
2.039
|
76Se
| |
Germanium (Hon-ngî: 鍺 zhě fe̍t-chá 鈤 rì) he yit-chúng fa-ho̍k ngièn-su, fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì Ge, ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he 32.
