Hafnium

Hafnium,  ₇₂Hf

ngoi-kôn
steel gray Spectral lines of hafnium (400–700 nm)
Kî-pún sin-sit
Miàng, fù-ho	hafnium, Hf
ngoi-hìn	steel gray
Hafnium chhai chû-khì-péu ke vi-chi
Zr ↑ Hf ↓ Rf lutetium ← hafnium → tantalum
ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú	72
ngièn-chṳ́-liòng (±)	178.49(2)
ngièn-su lui-phe̍t	ko-thu kîm-su̍k
Chhu̍k, fûn-khî	4 chhu̍k, d-block
chû-khì	period 6
thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t	[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
vu̍t-lî sin-chṳt
Siông	ku-thí
yùng-tiám	2506 K ​(2233 °C, ​4051 °F)
pui-tiám	4876 K ​(4603 °C, ​8317 °F)
Me̍t-thu near Sit-vûn	13.31 g·cm−3
12 g·cm−3
Yùng-fa-ngie̍t	27.2 kJ·mol−1
Chîn-fat-ngie̍t	648 kJ·mol−1
Ngie̍t-yùng-liong	25.73 J·mol−1·K−1
chîn-hi-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k chhai T (K) 2689 2954 3277 3679 4194 4876
Ngièn-chṳ́ sin-chṳt
Yông-fa-su	4, 3, 2, 1, −2 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
Thien-fu-sin	Pauling scale: 1.3
Thien-lì-nèn	1st: 658.5 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1440 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 2250 kJ·mol−1
Ngièn-chṳ́ pan-kang	empirical: 159 pm
Khiung-ka pan-kang	175±10 pm
Miscellanea
Chîn-thí keu-chho	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Sâng-suk thin rod	3010 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Ngie̍t-phàng-chong	5.9 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Ngie̍t-chhòn-thô-li̍t	23.0 W·m−1·K−1
Thien-chú-li̍t	331 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chhṳ̀-sin	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	78 GPa
Shear modulus	30 GPa
Bulk modulus	110 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.37
Mohs hardness	5.5
Vickers hardness	1520–2060 MPa
Brinell hardness	1450–2100 MPa
CAS Registry Number	7440-58-6
Le̍k-sú
Hí-miàng	after Hafnia. Latin for: Copenhagen, where it was discovered
Yi-chhet	Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
Hoat-kiàn kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘	Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922)
Chui vún-thin ke thùng-vi-su
Chú vùn-chông: hafnium ke thùng-vi-su
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 172Hf syn 1.87 y ε 0.350 172Lu 174Hf 0.162% 2×1015 y α 2.495 170Yb 176Hf 5.206% – (α) 2.2550 172Yb 177Hf 18.606% – (α) 2.2449 173Yb 178Hf 27.297% – (α) 2.0832 174Yb 178m2Hf syn 31 y IT 2.446 178Hf 179Hf 13.629% – (α) 1.8065 175Yb 180Hf 35.1% – (α) 1.2828 176Yb 182Hf trace 8.9×106 y β− 0.373 182Ta
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

Hafnium (Hon-ngî: 鉿 hā) he yit-chúng fa-ho̍k ngièn-su, fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì Hf, ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he 72.