Wolfram

Wolfram, ₇₄W
ngoi-kôn
	grayish white, lustrous;
Kî-pún sin-sit
Miàng, fù-ho	Wolfram, W
phe̍t-miàng	tungsten
ngoi-hìn	grayish white, lustrous
Wolfram chhai chû-khì-péu ke vi-chi
	tantalum ← Wolfram → rhenium
ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú	74
ngièn-chṳ́-liòng (±)	183.84(1)
ngièn-su lui-phe̍t	ko-thu kîm-su̍k
Chhu̍k, fûn-khî	6 chhu̍k, d-block
chû-khì	period 6
thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t	[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
vu̍t-lî sin-chṳt
Siông	ku-thí
yùng-tiám	3695 K (3422 °C, 6192 °F)
pui-tiám	6203 K (5930 °C, 10,706 °F)
Me̍t-thu near Sit-vûn	19.25 g·cm−3
	17.6 g·cm−3
lìm-kie-tiám	13,892 K, MPa
Yùng-fa-ngie̍t	35.3 kJ·mol−1
Chîn-fat-ngie̍t	774 kJ·mol−1
Ngie̍t-yùng-liong	24.27 J·mol−1·K−1
Ngièn-chṳ́ sin-chṳt
Yông-fa-su	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −4 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Thien-fu-sin	Pauling scale: 2.36
Thien-lì-nèn	1st: 770 kJ·mol−1 ; 2nd: 1700 kJ·mol−1
Ngièn-chṳ́ pan-kang	empirical: 139 pm
Khiung-ka pan-kang	162±7 pm
Miscellanea
Chîn-thí keu-chho	body-centered cubic (bcc)
Sâng-suk thin rod	4620 m·s−1 (at r.t.) (annealed)
Ngie̍t-phàng-chong	4.5 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Ngie̍t-chhòn-thô-li̍t	173 W·m−1·K−1
Thien-chú-li̍t	52.8 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chhṳ̀-sin	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	411 GPa
Shear modulus	161 GPa
Bulk modulus	310 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.28
Mohs hardness	7.5
Vickers hardness	3430–4600 MPa
Brinell hardness	2000–4000 MPa
CAS Registry Number	7440-33-7
Le̍k-sú
Hí-miàng	from German wolfram
Fat-hien	Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1781)
First isolation	Juan José Elhuyar and Fausto Elhuyar (1783)
Chui vún-thin ke thùng-vi-su
	Chú vùn-chông: Wolfram ke thùng-vi-su
	Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

Wolfram (Hon-ngî: 鎢 wū) he yit-chúng fa-ho̍k ngièn-su, fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì W, ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he 74.

Chhâm-kháu chṳ̂-liau

↑ Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
↑ Berger, Dan. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA.
↑ Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. Archived from the original on 2011-03-03. 2018-06-10 chhà-khon.

[IUPAC-1] Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

[2] Berger, Dan. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA.

[3] Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. Archived from the original on 2011-03-03. 2018-06-10 chhà-khon.

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